Bunions: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment Options

Bunions, also known as hallux valgus, are bony bumps that form on the joint at the base of your big toe. This common condition develops when the bones in the front part of your foot shift out of place, causing the big toe to lean toward the second toe. Over time, this misalignment can lead to pain, swelling, and difficulty finding comfortable footwear.

Causes of Bunions

• Genetics: A family history of bunions can increase your likelihood of developing them.

• Foot Structure: Flat feet, overly flexible joints, or improper foot mechanics contribute to bunion formation.

• Improper Footwear: Tight, narrow, or high-heeled shoes can force toes into an unnatural position.

• Arthritis: Inflammatory conditions like rheumatoid arthritis may increase bunion risk.

Symptoms of Bunions

• A visible bump on the side of the big toe joint.

• Swelling, redness, or soreness around the joint.

• Persistent or intermittent pain.

• Restricted movement of the big toe.

Treatment Options for Bunions

• Conservative Treatments:

• Footwear Adjustments: Opt for shoes with a wide toe box and good arch support.

• Orthotics: Custom orthotics can alleviate pressure on the bunion and improve foot alignment.

• Padding and Taping: Protective pads reduce friction and discomfort, while taping helps align the foot.

• Medication: Over-the-counter anti-inflammatory drugs (e.g., ibuprofen) can reduce pain and swelling.

• Ice Therapy: Applying ice packs for 15-20 minutes several times a day reduces inflammation.

• Surgical Options:

• Bunionectomy: A surgical procedure to realign the joint, remove excess bone, and relieve pain. Surgery is typically considered for severe cases when conservative measures fail.

When to See a Podiatrist If bunion pain interferes with daily activities or worsens despite at-home care, schedule an appointment at Sunshine Foot & Ankle LLC. We’ll develop a personalized treatment plan to restore comfort and mobility.

2. Hammer Toes: What They Are and How to Treat Them

A hammer toe occurs when the middle joint of a toe becomes bent, resembling a hammer. This condition often develops due to muscle or tendon imbalances that affect toe positioning. Hammer toes may be flexible in the early stages but can become rigid over time, making treatment more complex.

Causes of Hammer Toes

• Improper Footwear: Shoes that crowd the toes, such as high heels or narrow shoes, contribute to hammer toe formation.

• Foot Structure: High arches or flat feet can increase the risk.

• Trauma: Injury to a toe can result in abnormal positioning.

• Arthritis: Inflammatory conditions may cause joint deformities.

• Genetics: A family history of hammer toes can increase susceptibility.

Symptoms of Hammer Toes

• A visible bend in one or more toe joints.

• Pain when wearing shoes or walking.

• Corns and calluses due to friction between the toe and footwear.

• In severe cases, difficulty moving the affected toe.

Treatment Options for Hammer Toes

• Non-Surgical Treatments:

• Footwear Changes: Choose shoes with ample toe room and low heels.

• Padding and Orthotics: Cushioned pads and custom orthotics relieve pressure and improve alignment.

• Stretching Exercises: Toe stretches can improve flexibility and prevent stiffness.

• Anti-Inflammatory Medications: NSAIDs can help manage pain and swelling.

• Surgical Treatments:

  Tendon Release or Transfer: Adjusts the tendons to correct the toe’s position.

  Joint Fusion: In severe cases, the affected joint may be fused to straighten the toe.

Preventing Hammer Toes

• Wear comfortable shoes with adequate room for your toes.

• Avoid prolonged use of high heels.

• Strengthen your foot muscles with exercises such as toe stretches and marble pickups.

When to Seek Professional Care If hammer toe symptoms persist or worsen, Sunshine Foot & Ankle LLC offers personalized care options to restore function and reduce pain.

Call us today at (754) 296-5900 to schedule an appointment, or visit us at 2951 Northwest 49th Avenue, STE 204, Lauderdale Lakes, FL, ZIP 33313. Let us help you take the first step toward healthy, pain-free feet!